These governance terms all build on the EU AI Act's risk-tier system, which classifies AI systems (and large platforms like VLOSEs) by the level of harm they could cause and triggers extra obligations for the riskiest ones. Article 55 is the enforcement mechanism for the highest-risk 'systemic-risk' category, while Carolina Principles and Convention 108+ are related governance frameworks that reference the same tiering logic to set complementary rules and rights protections.
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EU AI Act systemic-risk oversight
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